PENGEMBANGAN TES BERBASIS REVISI TAKSONOMI BLOOM PADA MATERI STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI SEL UNTUK SISWA KELAS XI DI SMA KOTA TARAKAN

PENGEMBANGAN TES BERBASIS REVISI TAKSONOMI BLOOM PADA MATERI STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI SEL UNTUK SISWA KELAS XI DI SMA KOTA TARAKAN

 Developing Cognitive Test Based on the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy on The Structure and Cell Function Material for XI Grade Students in Senior High School of Tarakan City

Zulfadli

Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Borneo Tarakan Jl. Amal Lama No 1 Kota Tarakan, Telp. 08115940188

e-mail korespondensi:

fadli82.irwan@gmail.com 

ABSTRAK

Pengembangan tes kognitif berdasarkan aspek Revisi Taxonomi Bloom perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas tes berdasarkan penilain ahli, mengukur tingkat validitas, reliabilitas, dan mengetahui tingkat kesukaran soal, daya pembeda, dan pengecoh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D). Pengembangan tes menerapkan prosedur pengembangan model 4D yang dimodifikasi menjadi 3 tahap define, design, dan develop. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Tarakan dan Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Muhammadiyah Tarakan. Hasil penelitian (1) analisis hasil validasi tes oleh tim ahli menunjukkan tes kognitif berkategori valid dengan nilai 4,28, (2) uji coba kualitas tes kognitif diperoleh. (a) validitas butir soal, kategori valid (90%) dan tidak valid (10%). (b) reliabilitas tes berkategori reliabel dengan nilai 0,79 (c) tingkat kesukaran, kategori mudah (27%), sedang (53%), dan sukar (20%). (d) indeks daya pembeda lemah (10%), cukup (33%), baik (53%), dan baik sekali (3%). (e) efektivitas pengecoh, kategori efektif (85%), dan tidak efektif (15%). Hasil penilaian validator ahli dan uji empirik menunjukkan perangkat tes kognitif layak digunakan. Keseragaman tingkatan kesukaran membuat kualitas soal baik digunakan. Daya pembeda pada perangkat tes memiliki nilai baik yang menunjukkan bahwa soal memiliki keberagaman variatif yang mampu mengukur kemampuan siswa. Pengecoh pada perangkat soal berkategori efektif, sehingga akan mendorong siswa berpikir lebih kritis dalam mengerjakan soal. 

Kata kunci: kualitas tes, revisi taxonomi Bloom, tes kognitif, 

ABSTRACT

This research was to develop a cognitive test tool based on Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. This study aimed to determine the quality of the test based on experts assessment, to measure the level of validity, reliability, and to determine the difficulty levels of the questions, discrimination power, and distractors. This research employed Research and Development (R&D) method. The development test model used was the 4D procedure which was modified into three steps: define, design, and develop. The subjects were the Science students of XI grade at SMAN 2 Tarakan and SMA Muhammadiyah Tarakan. The results of the study were: (1) the experts validation analysis showed that the cognitive test has been categorized as valid which the value was 4.28 (2) The quality of cognitive test were: (A) the 90% items were valid, while 10% were invalid. (B) the reliability value was 0.79 (highly reliable) (C) the levels of difficulty were: easy (27%), moderate (53%), difficult (20%). (D)the test discrimination index were: weak (10%), sufficient (33%), good (53%), and either once (3%). (E) distractors effectiveness: effective category (85%), ineffective (15%). Assessment results from expert validators and empirical tests indicate that this cognitive test device is feasible to use and apply. The uniformity of this level of difficulty makes the quality of items were good to use. The discrimination power of these test tool, which has good value, indicate that the high diversity of items is able to measure students' abilities.

Keywords: cognitive test, Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy, test quality

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